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Bootleg Fentanyls
Bootleg fentanyls (NOT pharma-produced) were first detected in Ontario in 2013. Bootleg fentanyls and opioids are of high potency and now present in a variety of substances: pressed into fake pills (Oxy 80, CDN 80, A215, Xanax etc.), and as powder exclusively or mixed into heroin, cocaine, and crystal meth. People using substances occasionally and daily are at risk. Many if not most people will be unaware they are consuming bootleg opioids.
An opioid overdose victim can not save themselves. The onset of overdose from a small amount of bootleg fentanyl(s) is rapid. Naloxone administrations exceeding 2 x 0.4mg/ml doses may be required to resuscitate. Most people engaged in illicit substance use will not call 9-1-1 during a medical emergency due to fear of criminal justice sanctions.
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2015
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Harms and clinical management of fentanyl analogues and other novel synthetic opioids
Pre-hospital Scene Safety and Force Protection
Acrylfentanyl And Naloxone Effectiveness
Preventing Occupational Fentanyl and Fentanyl Analog Exposure to Emergency Responders
Is naloxone in your school's First Aid Kit? (unlikely)
Health Alert : U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Influx of Fentanyl-laced Counterfeit Pills and Toxic Fentanyl-related Compounds
Influx of Fentanyl-laced Counterfeit Pills and Toxic Fentanyl-related Compounds
Novel Synthetic Opioids in Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals
Little if any heroin left in Vancouver, all fentanyl: drug advocates
Click here to read the article by Geordon Omand of The Canadian Press
Click here to read the article by Geordon Omand of The Canadian Press
Provincial health officer declares public health emergency
How Canada got addicted to fentanyl: Globe and Mail Investigative Series
Fentanyl Analogues: U.S. National Drug Early Warning System
Fentanyl Drug Profile:
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
